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Title
ODI - Sanitation and hygiene
in developing countries: Identifying and
Responding to Barriers,
A case study from Madagascar
Abstract
Many people believe that simply providing a fresh, clean water supply will substantially
reduce water-borne illnesses. What most people do not know is that safe hygiene practices
and access to sanitation are crucial for combating the main health threats to children under
five, in particular diarrhoea. Approximately 88 per cent of all diarrhoea infections worldwide
are attributed to unsafe water supply, the lack of safe hygiene practices and basic sanitation
infrastructure (Evans 2005). And the scale of the problem is immense: today, nearly twice as
many people lack access to sanitation compared with water supply (UN 2005).
In recent years, sanitation has risen up the international policy agenda. In 2002, sanitation
was included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and specifically within
MDG 7, Target 10, which sets the aim of halving ‘by 2015, the proportion of people without
sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation’. Yet, at national level in most
developing countries, hygiene and sanitation do not yet receive much attention, despite
important health implications. The aim of this report is to explore the underlying reasons
for this apparent paradox.
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